0 Preface

In recent years, the high probability of fire accidents in civil buildings has been highly concerned by people from all walks of life. When the relevant departments investigated the cause of the civil building fire, they found that it was mainly related to the following two aspects. On the one hand, the vast majority of residents do not have a high awareness of fire prevention and do not properly manage the fire source, often causing fire accidents due to improper use. On the other hand, it is related to the use of electrical equipment, because a certain amount of heat will be generated during the use of electrical equipment, accompanied by sparks or arcs. These will lead to electrical fire accidents or electrical explosion accidents.

1 Characteristics of electrical fire accidents in civil buildings

1.1 Concealment

In the construction process of modern civil buildings, in order to improve the aesthetic effect of the building, the electrical circuits are designed into the walls, ceilings and bottom plates. The installation of many lamps and lanterns is also mainly embedded installation, and many household appliances are concentrated in the heat dissipation. Bad corners. As everyone knows, such a design will aggravate the aging of electrical lines or electrical insulating layers, and increase the probability of electrical fire accidents.

1.2 Burst

The occurrence of electrical fire accidents in civil buildings has obvious sudden characteristics. For example, household appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners are in a long-term power-on state. However, the long-term power-on of these household appliances will generate a certain amount of heat accumulation. If the heat is not evacuated in time, when the temperature rises to a certain level, it will cause a short-circuit fire accident in an instant.

1.3 Complexity

With the improvement of the level of scientific and technological development, the types of household appliances used by every household have gradually increased, and the application frequency of high-power appliances such as air conditioners, induction cookers, and electric pressure cookers has become higher and higher. At the same time, more and more types of wiring boards are emerging in the market. If the quality of these household appliances and wiring boards is uneven, the causes of electrical fire accidents will become more and more complicated.

2 Prevention strategies for electrical fire accidents in civil buildings

2.1 Strictly control the design quality of electrical equipment in civil buildings

In order to strengthen the prevention of electrical fires in civil buildings, it is necessary to strictly control the design quality of electrical equipment in civil buildings, and improve the design standards and design requirements for electrical equipment and electrical circuits in civil buildings. First of all, for the design of the power circuit, it must be ensured that there will be no leakage, and the operating current value should also be controlled below 500mA. Secondly, for the conduction and introduction of PE and PEN lines, it is necessary to effectively avoid the occurrence of voltage-related faults. Thirdly, for the connection of electrical equipment, in order to avoid the occurrence of potential differences, arcs and sparks, it is necessary to give priority to the use of total equal point connections. Finally, when conducting electrical design, it is necessary to correctly select electrical equipment, strictly analyze the direction of electrical lines, and select the most suitable cables and other materials according to the actual situation.

2.2 Do a good job of routine electrical equipment testing

In order to strengthen the prevention of electrical fires in civil buildings, the following five aspects of routine electrical equipment testing must be done well. First, carefully check whether the electrical circuit is aging; second, carefully check whether there is leakage of electrical equipment and whether there is a hidden danger of short-circuit fire; third, carefully check the performance and quality of the circuit breaker to confirm whether it is in a stable working state; Fourth, carefully check the modification of electrical lines. Once it is found that individual households have modified the lines without permission, it is necessary to strengthen the investigation of potential safety hazards. Fifth, strengthen the use of automatic alarm systems, through infrared detection and ultrasonic detection and other technical means Identify potential safety hazards in the operation of electrical equipment and electrical lines in a timely manner, and take effective measures to deal with them in a timely manner.