Arc flashes can vary in intensity and characteristics depending on several factors, including the electrical system’s voltage, the amount of available fault current, and the specific circumstances surrounding the incident. There are four general types of arc flashes:

1. Open Air Arc Flash: This type of arc flash occurs when electrical equipment or conductors are exposed to the surrounding atmosphere. Open-air arc flashes are typically the most powerful and destructive type of arc flash. They release intense heat, light, and pressure, and can lead to significant injuries, damage, and fires.
2. Ejected Arc Flash: In an ejected arc flash, there is an explosive release of energy, often due to a fault within enclosed equipment like switchgear or circuit breakers. This causes components, such as molten metal or equipment parts, to be forcefully expelled from the equipment, posing additional hazards to personnel in the vicinity.
3. Enclosed Arc Flash: Enclosed arc flashes occur within sealed or partially enclosed electrical equipment, where the arc’s energy is partially contained. The enclosure can magnify the pressure and heat generated, potentially causing equipment damage and posing risks to those working with or near the equipment.
4. Tracking (Tracking Arc) Arc Flash: A tracking arc flash occurs when electricity follows a path over an insulating surface due to contamination, moisture, or other factors. This path allows the arc to travel, causing damage to the insulating material and generating heat and light. Although less intense than other types of arc flashes, tracking arcs can still pose safety risks.