What Is the DC Current Transformer Working Principle?

The DC current transformer working principle has some similarities with the AC current transformer, but due to the unidirectional nature of DC current, there are some differences in design and operation. The main function of a current transformer is to transform a high current on one side into a lower, proportional current on the other side for measurement, protection, or control purposes. This article will focus on the DC current transformer working principle.

DC current transformer working principle

How does the DC current transformer work? It will be introduced from the following 5 aspects:

Conductor location: The DC current that needs to be measured or monitored is passed through one side of the current transformer (called the primary side). The primary side is usually a coil around a current conductor. In some cases, a magnetic core may also be used to enhance performance.
Magnetic field generation: When DC current passes through the primary winding, a stable magnetic field will be generated around the current conductor. Unlike AC current, which changes direction, DC current is constant, so the magnetic field remains stable.
Induction: The magnetic field generated by the DC current induces a voltage in the secondary winding of the current transformer. This secondary winding usually contains many more turns than the primary, resulting in a lower current on the secondary side.
Current transformation: The voltage induced in the secondary side winding is proportional to the current on the primary side, according to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. By careful selection of the number of turns in the secondary winding and other design parameters, the current transformer is calibrated to provide a specific ratio between the primary and secondary currents.
Output current: The current on the secondary side can be used as an output signal for measurement, protection, or control purposes. Typically, the output current of a current transformer is standardized, such as 5 amps, to be compatible with various devices.

DC Current Transformer

Hall effect sensor; 50Amp, 100Amp, 300Amp optional; Solid core or split core wiring; Voltage or current output optional; +12V,+15V,+12V~+24V supply voltage;

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It is important to note that DC current transformers are specifically designed for DC current and cannot be used interchangeably with AC current transformers due to differences in their magnetic behavior and core design. Additionally, when handling high DC currents, DC current transformers may require special considerations to ensure accuracy and avoid magnetic core saturation.

In summary, the DC current transformer working principle is to create a stable magnetic field around a conductor carrying DC current, thereby inducing a proportional voltage on the secondary side, which is used to measure or protect the output current for purposes such as measurement.